Tampilkan postingan dengan label sensor. Tampilkan semua postingan
Tampilkan postingan dengan label sensor. Tampilkan semua postingan

Saving Sensor Data With MCUs And microSD Cards

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microSD card with adapter
If your microcontroller (MCU) project has sensors collecting data, you may want to save that data in addition to, or instead of, controlling with the data or displaying it on an LCD screen.

One way to save data generated by sensors on an MCU project is to use a microSD card. The microSD card (SD means Secure Digital) is a relatively compact and inexpensive way to store digital information. The microSD card is 15 x 11 x 1 mm, and an 8GB Class 10 microSD card can easily be found for $5 to $10 as of June 2014 in the US. Many smartphones or other mobile computing devices use microSD cards for expanding the memory capacity of the devices.
SparkFun microSD Shield

Today well take a brief look at the relatively easy approach to saving MCU project data -- using a microSD card add-on for an Arduino. If you go the microSD addon for Arduino route, there are likely less expensive options, but the two safest ways I know of for an inexperienced MCU person is to go with the SparkFun microSD Shield ($14.95) and their microSD Shield Quickstart Guide or use the Adafruit microSD breakout board ($14.95) and their microSD breakout board tutorial. Ed Smith has experience with the Texas Instruments LaunchPad MCU board, so maybe he can do a future post about microSD BoosterPacks, and whether that data storage approach is significantly less expensive or easier to hook up and program.

I havent used either the SparkFun or the Adafruit microSD add-on component, so this is the voice of research, not the voice of hands-on experience. After I build a data-gathering MCU project, like a gardening project that measures soil moisture or light, I plan to use one of the microSD card approaches to save the data from the sensors. At that point Ill write another blog post to discuss the process to hook up the microSD reader to the other electronics and highlight any issues I run into with the microSD add-on.
Adafruit microSD breakout board

The Adafruit microSD breakout board may have advantages, such as smaller board size, compared to the SparkFun microSD Shield, but if the other project components can accomodate the Shield, the inexperienced MCU project builder might be better off with the Shield because its a more straightforward approach. Compare the SparkFun Shield picture, above left, to the Adafruit breakout board and breadboard approach, shown to the right. If your project is going to have other components that youll need the breadboard for anyway, the Adafruit approach might be nice so you have better visibility for jumpering parts together and observing the operation of the Arduino once youve got the entire project connected. Only the hands-on experience following the tutorials for the SparkFun or Adafruit microSD card modules will show whether one approach is easier to get operating or more reliable once your project is actually being used for its intended purpose.

Another approach to using microSD cards with MCUs is to make your own circuit board and buy the MCU itself and a microSD card reader. Ill cover that approach in the future after we start designing circuit boards and getting them fabbed. And Ill also need to do a bunch more research about interfacing the MCU and microSD card reader.

To give readers of this blog a better perspective on using microSD cards with MCUs, or other ways to save MCU project sensor data, I will try to get one or several posts written by people whove successfully built projects that saved the sensor data. If youve done that and are willing to write a post about it, please contact me via email at arcatabob (at) gmail {dott} com. Thanks!

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Microcontrollers And Sensor Hubs

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An article about microcontrollers (MCUs) and sensor hubs caught my interest today because since I started trying to learn microcontroller basics a couple months ago, I hadnt seen discussion of MCUs that involved sensor hubs.
Microchip Sensor Hub

In case sensor hubs are new to you, Wikipedia defines them as:
"...a microcontroller unit/coprocessor/DSP that helps to integrate data from different sensors and process them. This technology can help off-load these jobs from a products main application processor, thus saving battery consumption and providing a performance improvement."
(As an aside, if you know a lot about sensor hubs and feel Wikipedia is a valuable resource, you might want to consider contributing content about sensor hubs to the Wikipedia entry. It is currently labeled as a stub.)

There are several reasons sensor hubs are of interest to me. First, Im trying to learn all I can about microcontrollers, and it appears some sensor hubs are built with an MCU core. Second, Im very interested in using sensors in MCU projects, and understanding sensor hubs will likely help me do a better job of designing and building sensor-dependent applications. Third, sensors are an emerging area of consumer technology, primarily because of smartphones, and mobile computing devices over the next few years are going to include a growing number of sensors. This chart, above left, from an Electronics360 article indicates the rapidly growing market for sensor hubs.

Atmels sensor hub webpage mentions some of the sensors and mobile computing devices their MCU sensor hub systems are designed for:
"These can include motion sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers), environment sensors (light level, color, temperature, pressure, humidity) and many others...These systems are required in a broad range of products such as smartphones, tablets, ultrabooks, IoT- (Internet of Things) enabled devices, gaming, healthcare, and wearable computing."
An article from April 2014, "Atmel, Qualcomm, NXP Lead Booming Sensor Hub Market" indicated Atmel has the leading market share (32%) for sensor hubs. The article goes on to say:
"The use of sensor hubs is increasingly crucial because of the push for always on sensors used for activity monitoring, voice-command operation and contextual awareness...Three approaches are being taken to the provision of sensor hubs according to the report. One approach employs an external hub, typically a dedicated microcontroller (MCU), as offered by chipmakers such as Atmel, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instruments and NXP Semiconductor. Recent smartphones that use this approach include the Apple iPhone 5s, Samsung Galaxy S5 and the Motorola Moto X. A second method utilizes a low-power sensor hub as a low-power core that is part of the application processor, offered by Qualcomm, Intel and Nvidia. In future the Samsung Exynos range and MediaTek and HiSilicon are expected to follow this route...The integrated approach will overtake the MCU approach in the market after 2016...A third way for implementing sensor hubs is to integrate the hub logic, typically an MCU, with a cluster of sensors, typically an accelerometer and gyroscope. The accelerometer and gyroscope are the most common sensor combination, allowing for various levels of activity and motion tracking, ranging from step counting to more detailed motion tracking and contextual awareness."
It appears MCUs role in sensor hubs may be short-lived for smartphones and other super-high volume mobile computing devices. But for battery-powered MCU maker projects with lots of sensors, the ultra-low power MCU-based sensor hub may play an important role, or at least provide some good insights on effective circuit design. At the next Humboldt Microcontrollers Group meeting, Ill be asking if Ed or any of the others at the meeting have experience with sensor hubs.

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